The P/C ratio (Put/Call Ratio) is the ratio of put (bearish) to call (bullish) options. It is one of the most intuitive indicators for measuringmarket long/short bias.
P/C ratio = number of put options ÷ number of call options. It can be calculated by volume or open interest (OI): using open interest shows the "stock attitude", while using volume shows the "daily action". In our reports we primarily use open interest, as it is more stable.
① Put/Call OI ratio for individual stocks' current-month ATM; ② multi-day changes; ③ cross-reference with overall market sentiment values and capital flows; ④ annotation of extreme readings (bullish/bearish/extreme).
Common empirical ranges: ratio <0.7 bullish, 0.7–1.3 neutral, >1.3 bearish, >2.0 extreme. But note—extreme readings are often used as a contrarian reference, when most people are unanimously bearish, the market may instead move in the opposite direction.
The P/C ratio is "expectation", while capital flows and dark pool data are "action". When expectation and action align, the signal is stronger; when the two diverge, it often indicates a divergence between sentiment and capital.
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